Powerlifting Injuries: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Powerlifting is a sport based on maximum force production and consists of three main lifts: squat, bench press, and deadlift. This discipline, which aims for the athlete to lift the heaviest possible weight in a short time, requires a high level of technical proficiency and musculoskeletal endurance. Repetitive lifts performed with heavy loads place intense mechanical stress on structures such as the lower back, shoulders, and knees, significantly increasing the risk of injury. The aim of this scoping review is to examine the types, prevalence, causes, and preventive strategies of injuries observed in the sport of powerlifting, based on the current literature. For this purpose, database searches were conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, and ScienceDirect. From a total of 357 studies published between 2018 and 2025, 30 met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated. Findings indicate that the most frequently injured areas are the lower back, shoulders, and knees. These injuries result not only from physical factors but also from technical deficiencies, overtraining, inadequate recovery, psychological stress, and organizational shortcomings. Increasing gender- and disability-sensitive research for female and disabled athletes is essential for creating a safer, more sustainable, and inclusive sporting environment.